An investigation into high performance low‐flow showerheads for use on university campuses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The following report provides recommendations to the Student Housing and Hospitality Services (SHHS) at UBC’s Vancouver campus regarding which low-flow showerhead models to install in existing and new campus residences. This showerhead replacement program aims to reduce water consumption by replacing inefficient older showerhead models with newer models. Many other institutions have already successfully implemented a similar program. To determine which low-flow showerhead model should be installed in student residences a Triple Bottom Line (TBL) assessment and showerhead performance survey were conducted. The TBL assessment consists of assessments regarding the social, environmental and economic impact of the showerhead replacement program. The research for these assessments was gathered through surveying UBC students, academic papers and websites. Social impact was measured by student satisfaction ratings on four low-flow showerhead models in an anonymous survey. The showerheads included in the survey were Waterpik Aquascape, Jetstream Atlas II, Bricor Eco-Bravo PC and High Sierra Classic. The environmental assessment consisted of estimating student water consumption for each showerhead model in the survey as well as conventional showerheads. To assess the economic impact of the showerhead replacement program, a life cycle cost analysis was conducted to determine the life cycle cost of each low-flow showerhead model. Based on the results of the low-flow showerhead performance survey and TBL assessment, it is advantageous for SHHS to replace conventional showerheads with either the Waterpik Aquascape or Jetstream Atlas II showerhead models. Analysis of the survey data showed a positive relationship between user satisfaction ratings and market price of the showerhead. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".