Reference materials: the people, places, and things of making measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reference Materials: The People, Places, and Things of Making Measurement undertakes a series of case studies of standards in the long twentieth-century (1875-2004).The studies include a history of the metric system's standard of mass and the protocols for maintaining the International Prototype Kilogram; the origins of digital image processing as a discipline and the politics of the discipline's test images; the ascendance of atomic time keeping from a simple measurement technique to a global communication and information infrastructure; and the introduction of so-called "standardized patients" into medical education and accreditation.This project interrogates how processes of modeling and comparison are materialized in things, documents, and people.It approaches the work of maintaining standards through the local and provisional protocols for circulating, repairing, maintaining, and sometimes cleaning artifacts like pieces of platinum-iridium, magazine cut-outs, cesium supplies, and human actors.Reference materials enable commensurability in large-scale systems; they allow for knowledge acquired in one context to be applied to others.These studies interrogate how materials are chosen, maintained, and discarded-processes that take place through deliberate negotiation and philosophical idealism and at other times through haphazard flukes.By considering technology from the point of view of misuse and disrepair, this project enacts an alternative approach to the history of technology.Instead of seeing technologies, standards, and infrastructures as inert things, Reference Materials historicizes the social and relational work of animating technology to keep it viable. ! iii RésuméCe projet entreprends une série d'études des standards pendant le "long" XXe siècle (1875-2004).Les études sont les suivantes: les origines du standard de masse dans le système métrique et les protocoles qui maintienent "le kilogramme étalon" les origines du traitement des images numériques comme discipline et les dimensions politiques des images test de cette discipline; l'histoire du succès du temps atomique comme infrastructure d'information et de communication globale; et l'introduction de la notion de patients standardizes dans l'éducation et l'accréditation médicale.Ce projet questionne la manière dont les processus de modélisation et de comparaison sont matérialisées dans des choses, des documents, et des personnes.Il traite notamment du travail du maintien des standards au travers des protocoles de circulation, de réparation, et parfois de nettoyage, d'objets tels que les morceaux de platine-iridium, des images tirées de revues, des particules de césium, et des acteurs humains.Les matériaux de référence permettent la commensurabilité dans les systèmes standardisés de grande échelle ainsi que l'application des connaissances acquises d'un contexte à un autre.Les études de ce projet analysent comment les matériaux sont choisis, conservé et écarté grâce à des processus ayant parfois commencés par des négotiations délibérées et une forme d'idéalisme philosophique, où bien à d'autres moments, par le hasard.En considérant la technologie du point de vue de sa mauvaise utilisation et de son délabrement, ce projet pormulgue une approche alternative à l'histoire de la technologie: au lieu de voir les technologies, les standards, et les infrastructures comme des choses inertes, ce projet historicise le travail social et relationnel qui anime la technologie pour la rendre viable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.040 | 0.048 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.084 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.024 | 0.036 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".