Recreation specialization, avalanche training, and avalanche safety practices of backcountry skiers in the Canadian Mountain National Park
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Knowledge of demographics, avalanche training, and avalanche safety practices of backcountry skiers in the mountain national parks of Canada is of great importance to Parks Canada, the Canadian Avalanche Association, Canadian Avalanche Centre, and avalanche educators. The purpose of this paper was to obtain this information and to investigate if there was a relationship between recreation specialization level, avalanche training and avalanche safety practices. Investigating the usefulness of recreation specialization was also an important aspect of this research project. Questionnaires were used to measure the above variables. This project was conducted in cooperation with Parks Canada and was a continuation of a research project conducted by Parks Canada during the 2010 avalanche season.This research project took place in Banff, Yoho, and Glacier National Parks. Questionnaires were administered at the Rogers Pass Visitor Centre, Lake Louise Visitor Centre, Yoho Visitor Centre, A.O. Wheeler Hut, Elizabeth Parker Hut, an avalanche awareness night in Banff, a Glacier National Park Winter Permit night in Golden, B.C., and a presentation by Chic Scott in Canmore, A.B. \nResults indicate that there was a strong positive correlation between specialization level and level of avalanche training; a moderate to strong correlation between specialization and checking the avalanche bulletin and beacon practice; a weak correlation between specialization level and correct knowledge of current avalanche danger, minimum safety equipment and minimum safety practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".