The Role of Law, Science, and the Public Process: Practical Lessons from Lake Champlain (USA and Canada) and Lake Ohrid (Macedonia and Albania)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lake Champlain is a large transboundary lake shared by the United States and Canada (Figure 1).It was formed at the end of the last Great Ice Age: 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.Not long after the glaciers retreated, Native Americans settled in the fertile valleys around the lake and hunted, fished, and later farmed along its shoreline.In 1609, explorer Samuel de Champlain sailed into the lake, and European settlement soon followed.The lake and adjacent communities were sites of many important battles during the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812.The lake itself is 193 kilometers long and narrow, only about 19 kilometers at its widest point, near Burlington, Vermont.At its deepest point, the lake is over 120 meters deep, but the average depth is about 19.5 meters.The Lake Champlain watershed covers 21,325 kin 2 : about 56% of this area lies in state of Vermont, 37% in th& state of New York, and 7% in the province of Quebec (Figure 1).The lake is unique in that it contains five distinct segments with varying physical and chemical characteristics, and water quality.Only one of these segments, Missisquoi Bay, is divided by the international border.This segment is shallow, and drains south into the United States.The adjacent Main Lake segment holds 80% of the lake's water, and drains north through the Richelieu River in Quebec.This river continues to the north, and eventually discharges into the St. Lawrence River system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.032 | 0.041 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".