The Role of Community Colleges in Skills Development: Lessons from the Canadian Experience for Developing Asia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[Excerpt] This book presents key features, attributes and defining characteristics of Canadian Community Colleges and Institutes of Technology and the lessons they offer to developing countries in Asia. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICan, formerly the ACCC) have been long standing dialogue partners on issues concerning Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in the Asia and Pacific region. This joint knowledge product documents the evolution of community colleges in Canada and their contribution to the economy and society. Internationalization initiatives suggest that partnerships in skills and human capital development are possible in countries at various stages of development and are in fact the hallmark of successful global economies. Canada’s approaches or models have relevance for other countries as the country has done very well in secondary and tertiary education attainments which are higher than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average. In 2012, 92% of 25-34 year-olds in Canada attained at least upper secondary education (compared to the OECD average of 82%), and 57% attained tertiary education (compared to the OECD average of 39%). Canada has one of the lowest proportions of workers experiencing a mismatch between their literacy skills and tasks they perform at work among countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). Canada’s unemployment rates were below the OECD average in 2012. The Community College has been an important institution in the country’s post secondary education landscape, providing access to relevant education and training as well as contributing measurable economic and social returns. Community colleges have particularly contributed to local economic and social development and have served the manpower needs of small and medium enterprises. Emerging economies in Asia can benefit significantly by deriving lessons from the Canadian models and approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".