Temporal and Landscape Influences on the Bee Community Assemblage of the McMaster Research and Conservation Corridor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years the issues surrounding pollinator conservation and pollinator decline has been brought to the forefront of both the public and government. Declines are multifaceted and pollinator conservation and restoration tends to focus on open ecosystems, such as prairie and meadow habitats, where there exists a large body of research on the benefits of restoring such habitats for pollinators. However, this does not address the other ecosystems that pollinators can be found in and what critical role those habitats may play in the lifecycles of those species. I surveyed the bee and wasp community present in the Dundas Valley Region of Hamilton in southern Ontario, Canada across 5 distinct habitat types; open fields, forest edges, forests, forested groundwater fed springs, and wetlands. The abundance and richness of floral resources within these habitats and what role this might play at different times of the year was also surveyed. 10 focal species, belonging to 6 genera were chosen as a subset of the population to test for habitat use and movement on the landscape. I found that all habitat types were utilized by bees and wasps to varying degrees, depending on species, time of year, and resource availability. Males and females of the same species did not necessarily utilize the same habitats at the same time of year and there was clear evidence of population movement between these areas and habitat preference. Showing the clear need for a “big picture” approach to pollinator conservation and a need to move away from the standard restoration practice of simply creating open meadows and prairies. This does not address the diverse and heterogeneous habitat requirements needed over the course of their life cycles. Conservation efforts should focus on diversifying the types of habitats being restored on the landscape and recognizing the importance of existing remnant natural features that may add to the heterogeneity of the landscape and to the benefit of pollinator communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".