Biochemical and hematological analytes in the assessment of energy status and risk of disease in dairy cows during the transition period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biochemical and hematological analytes were used to better understand some of the pathophysiological processes involved in the transition period and contribute to the prediction of risk of disease, particularly retained placenta (RP); three studies were carried out. In the first study, based on prepartum biochemical and hematological profiles of 1038 Holstein cows, a multivariable logistic model was used to predict the risk of RP. Cholesterol and fatty acids were associated with a higher risk of RP. In the second study, blood samples from 37 Holstein cows in the week before calving and 47 cows in the week after calving were obtained at 1 hour (-1h) before and 4(4h) and 10(10h) hours after the first feed offering. Fatty acids were determined in the precalving samples and [beta]-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the postcalving samples. Lipoprotein electrophoresis were carried out on 3 sera of 10 randomly selected cows in each group. Thirty two percent of cows had >=0.4 mmol/L of fatty acids at -1h, compared to 16% at 4 h and 10h in the precalving cows. In the postcalving samples, the proportions of cows with >=1400 [mu]mol/L of BHB were 8.5%, 10.6%, and 12.8% respectively. The low density lipoproteins were markedly reduced in the postcalving group. Cows were twice as likely to be above the suggested cut-point for increased disease risk when they were sampled before feeding to measure fatty acids. Lipoprotein electrophoresis results were of limited utility for assessing energy status. In the third study, serum and whole blood measurements from 1078 high producing cows from 20 herds from Southern Ontario were used to determine reference values in the week prepartum and the week postpartum. Cows that presented clinical disease were excluded. In sera, BHB, fatty acids, cholesterol, urea, glucose, calcium and phosphorus were determined. In whole blood, WBC, and differential leukocytes were counted. There were significant differences between the precalving and postcalving groups for all the biochemical analytes and eosinophils. Other hematological analytes were not significantly different. The results were also different to reference ranges of mid-lactation cows. Differential reference values of transition cows are required for accurate interpretation of results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".