Cell cycle uncoupling, elimination, and functional modification of centrioles during C. elegans development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Centrosome duplication is coupled with cell division to ensure that centrosome is duplicated only once per cell cycle. This coupling, however, can be altered in specific developmental contexts although how this uncoupling occurs remains generally unclear. In C. elegans, the larval intestinal and the hypodermal cells will endocycles, while germ line stem cells eventually exit mitosis and enter meiosis. We use these models to better understand how the centrosome is intimately coupled to the cell cycle and the mechanisms though which the duplication of the centrioles can be uncoupled from cell division during the course of development.By monitoring the levels of SPD-2, a protein that is critical for centriole duplication in C. elegans, we found that the centriole duplicates normally at the intestinal cell nuclear division, but does not re-duplicate during the first endocycle, Subsequently SPD-2 becomes diffuse within the nucleus before it is subsequently eliminated. These dynamic changes seem to be actively regulated since they are not observed in situations of un-quantized DNA re-replication. To test whether cell cycle regulators might regulate centrosome/cell cycle uncoupling and elimination, we generated phosphomimetic and non-phosphorylable variants of SPD-2. We found that altering the highly conserved CDK-phosphorylation site of Serine 545 uncouples the centriole duplication/cell cycle coupling, whereas mimicking PLK-mediated phosphorylation or reducing the activity of ubiquitylation pathway by RNAi leads to nuclear accumulation of SPD-2 potentially by stabilizing SPD-2 without affecting centrosome duplication and uncoupling. Overall our study reveals that phosphorylation of SPD-2 by key cell cycle kinases may regulate centrosome/cell cycle uncoupling and elimination during in C.elegans development.Secondly, we studied the role of RNF-1, a RING-domain protein that interacts with Cip/Kip family member CKI-2 in C. elegans. We found that RNF-1 mediates the ubiquitylation of CKI-2, which consequently results in its proteasome-dependent degradation. Consistent with this, RNF-1 reduces the embryonic lethality caused by misexpression of CKI-2. We also found that RNF-1 is localized at nuclear periphery, although the significance of this localization still requires further characterization.Finally, we analyzed the localization and the function of γ-tubulin during germ cell progression. We found that γ-tubulin undergoes a re-distribution from its association with the centriole to germ cell membrane at the onset of meiosis. This re-distribution causes the centriole to lose its microtubule nucleating capacity and appears to be triggered by signals that occur during the mitosis-meiosis transition. We are continuing a characterization of the significance and the mechanism of this re-distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".