Characterization of mechanisms involved in the functions of bHLH proteins of the Hes family
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hes1 and Hes6 are basic helix loop helix (bHLH) proteins with a similar structure, but opposite biological roles: Hes1 prevents the differentiation of neural progenitors into neurons, whereas Hes6 promotes neuronal differentiation. To elucidate the reasons for the different activities of Hes1 and Hes6, we have focused on structural elements that are specific to either Hes1 or Hes6. In particular, Hes6 contains a stretch of acidic amino acids ("acidic patch") N-terminal to the bHLH domain. Such an acidic patch is not present in Hes1. Based on previous studies showing that similar acidic patches play a role in regulating the dimerization properties of other bHLH proteins, we hypothesized that the presence of acidic amino acids, N-terminal to the bHLH domain might modulate the activities of Hes6 and Hes1. As part of an effort to test this possibility, we generated a mutated form of Hes1 containing an acidic patch in a position equivalent to that of Hes6 (Hes1AC mutant). Here we show that the introduction of this acidic region does not interfere with the expression, nuclear localization, and transcription repression activity of Hes1. However, this mutation has an effect on the dimerization ability of Hes1. In particular, Hes1AC homodimerizes better and also heterodimerizes better with Hes6 than wild type Hes1. Together, these results suggest that the presence of an acidic region near the bHLH motif may affect the dimerization of Hes proteins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".