Cement-free biocompatible porous concrete for plant growth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biocompatible porous concrete is a specialized type of porous concrete that has mechanical and hydrological properties suitable for supporting plant growth and vegetation establishment.Porous concrete has become increasingly prevalent in urban settings to control stormwater runoff, owing to its ability to facilitate the infiltration of water through its porous structure.Present research on porous concrete also includes its capability to support plant germination and growth, primarily for grasses.Applications of porous concrete capable of supporting plant life have been explored for green infrastructure in urban environments, and for ecological rehabilitation and restoration.The following experiment explores the field application of a cement-free, biocompatible porous concrete substrate with an aggregate size of 2.0-3.2mm, void content of 30 %, and a water-to-binder ratio of 0.2.Sixteen varieties of plants, mostly comprising perennial herbs, were seeded onto the porous concrete substrate for a 4-month field experiment at McGill University's Macdonald Campus Farm.Similar treatments were applied to gravel, sand, and soil for comparison.The experiment was conducted for two growing seasons, with a 40 % reduction in irrigation for the second season.Maximum seedling emergence proportion of clover (Trifolium repens), ruby red orach (Atriplex hortensis var.rubra), microgreen amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), and turf grass (mixture of tall fescue (Festuca rubra), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perennae), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)) were significantly higher in comparison to other plant species for all substrate treatments for both growing seasons (p < 0.05).Final plant count for turf grass and clover was significantly higher among all plant species for both growing seasons (p < 0.05).Significantly higher canopy height, as well as fresh mass and dry mass yield, was observed for borage (Borago officinalis) and dill (Anethum graveolens) along with clover and turf grass for both growing seasons (p < 0.05).Based on germination rate, final plant count, canopy height, fresh mass yield, and dry mass yield, clover and turf grass were the most successful plant species used for the experiment among all experimental substrates, including porous concrete.Comparison between first and second growing seasons showed no significant difference in germination rate of different plant species (p > 0.05).However, fresh mass and dry mass yield was lower for the second growing season.Effect of location and shading on plant growth performance, as indicated by final plant count and fresh mass yield, was significant across all substrate treatments (p < 0.05).In addition, the influence of incident vi
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".