Determinants of the tailed frog's range in British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tailed frog is the only stream-breeding frog in Canada. Due to its highly specialized habitat requirements and its vulnerability to habitat degradation, it is of concern through much of its range in the Pacific Northwest. The purpose of this study was to determine the range of the tailed frog in British Columbia, and to generate hypotheses for its current distribution. The tailed frog is resident of steep mountain streams. Along the coast, other than its absence from Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii, the tailed frog's distribution coincides closely with the Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) biogeoclimatic zone. In the interior, an area with a continental climate, its distribution is allied with the Engelmann Spruce/Subalpine Fir (ESSF) biogeoclimatic zone. However, streams in the ESSF are likely only suitable to tadpoles if a thick blanket of snow buffers them from winter freezing. Thus, drier subzones of the ESSF are less likely to support tailed frogs. This close association with moist biogeoclimatic zones may reflect the species preference for a humid temperate climate regime. The tailed frog's distribution may also be associated with geology: in contrast to streams underlain by competent plutonic rocks (e.g., granite), which typically have coarse gravel beds with locked boulder steps, areas with highly fractured or weak rock types (e.g. shale) have a finer and more mobile stream bedload, leading to unstable channel conditions. These streams provide less favorable habitat for tadpoles. Along the coast, the presently documented northern distribution lies at the Nass River, and the factors limiting northward dispersal are not apparent. In the interior of British Columbia, northward advancement appears to be limited in part both to underlying rock type and climate
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".