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Record W6990389774

Développement et caractérisation in situ d’électrodes
\npositives pour batteries Lithium/Soufre.

2020· dissertation· fr· W6990389774 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueEspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique) · 2020
Typedissertation
Languagefr
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvancements in Battery Materials
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility
KeywordsMedium termWestern europeLoad Shedding
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

La technologie Li-ion, bien que dominant le marché actuel des batteries, souffre du prix élevé et de la toxicité de certains de ses matériaux et peine à atteindre les objectifs de performances notamment fixés pour leur utilisation dans les véhicules électriques et hybrides. Face à ces limitations, la technologie lithium/soufre (Li/S) se pose en candidat prometteur pour remplacer à moyen terme la technologie Li-ion. Basée sur un matériau actif abondant et peu cher, le soufre, elle permettrait d’atteindre des densités d’énergie pratiques deux à trois fois supérieures à celles des batteries Li-ion actuelles. Cependant, les réactions électrochimiques du système Li/S impliquent une dissolution/déposition de la matière active, engendrant d’importantes variations morphologiques et la perte de matière active à l’électrode positive qui ont un impact majeur sur la capacité et la tenue au cyclage des batteries Li/S. Ainsi, une bonne compréhension de ces mécanismes de dégradation est nécessaire afin de développer de nouveaux matériaux d’électrode innovants et permettant une optimisation des performances du système Li/S. À ce titre, l’objectif premier de cette thèse était d’appliquer des techniques de caractérisation in situ novatrices permettant de relier les propriétés mécaniques et les variations morphologiques des différents matériaux d’électrode utilisés à leur comportement électrochimique. Pour ce faire, trois techniques ont été employées : l’émission acoustique, la tomographie RX et la dilatométrie. Les conclusions tirées des observations effectuées à l’aide de ces outils de caractérisation ont permis d’axer la conception d’électrodes sur l’utilisation d’un liant innovant de type polyélectrolyte. Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons notamment pu démontrer une relation entre l’activité acoustique mesurée au cours des premiers cycles de charge/décharge de différentes formulations d’électrode à leurs propriétés mécaniques. Ensuite, le couplage de la tomographie et de la diffraction RX synchrotron in situ a permis de mettre en évidence de nouveaux phénomènes liés à la dissolution et la déposition du soufre lors du 1er cycle. Enfin, la combinaison de l’étude de la variation d’épaisseur des électrodes par dilatométrie, du suivi de l’activité acoustique et d’observations tomographiques a permis d’attester des propriétés mécaniques améliorées du liant polyélectrolyte. Additionnées à ses propriétés de régulation de la diffusion des espèces soufrées, ces conclusions renforcent l’intérêt certain de ce type de liants pour les électrodes positives des batteries Li/S. Even though the Li-ion technology is dominating nowadays battery market, it is suffering from the high cost and toxicity of some of its materials as well as struggling to reach the performance goals set by always more demanding hybrid and electric vehicles. Facing the need for a new battery generation, the lithium/sulfur (Li/S) technology stands as a promising candidate for a medium term industrialization and commercialization. Based on an abundant and low-cost active material, elemental sulfur, it enables practical energy densities two to three times higher than current Li-ion batteries. However, the intermediate electrochemical reactions of this system imply many dissolutions/depositions of the active material, causing important morphological variations at the positive electrode which have a major impact on the capacity and cycling performance of the batteries. Hence a better comprehension of those degradation mechanisms is required in order to develop new and innovating electrode materials enabling an optimization of the performance of the system. Therefore, the first goal of the thesis was to employ innovative in situ characterization techniques in order to develop tools allowing to link the properties of the different electrode materials to the performance of the batteries. To do so, three techniques were used: acoustic emission, X-ray tomography and dilatometry. Then, the conclusions drawn from the observations made from the characterization tools enabled us to focus the conception of the electrodes on using a new binder based on a polyelectrolyte material. In this work, we were in particular able to demonstrate a relationship between the measured acoustic activity during the first charge/discharge cycles of different electrode formulations to their mechanical properties. Then, coupling in situ X-ray tomography and diffraction enabled us to shed light on new phenomena linked to the dissolution and deposition of sulfur during the 1st cycle. Finally, the combination of the study of thickness variation via dilatometry, of the monitoring of the acoustic activity and of tomographic observations was the key to prove the better mechanical properties of the polyelectrolyte binder. Together with its properties of regulation of the sulfur species, our conclusions strengthen the certain interest in the family of materials as a binder of positive electrodes for Li/S batteries.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.010

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.063
GPT teacher head0.341
Teacher spread0.278 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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