Ecological impacts of an exotic benthivorous fish in wetlands : a comparison between common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) additions in large experimental wetlands and small mesocosms in Delta Marsh, Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
I examined the impacts of an exotic benthivorous fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), in large (5-7 ha) experimental wetlands and in small (5 x 5 m) mesocosms located in Delta Marsh, Manitoba, Canada. In addition to following the impacts of common carp on water quality, sedimentation, and submerged macrophyte biomass, the impacts of common carp on phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and forage fish populations in the small mesocosms were intensively studied. As carp are often the dominant fish species found in degraded aquatic systems, the interaction between nutrient loading and carp, and the resulting impacts on important biotic and abiotic components were investigated through the small mesocosm experiments. In both the large experimental wetland cells and the small mesocosms common carp significantly increased turbidity and suspended solid concentrations, sedimentation rates, chlorophyll a concentrations, and reduced submerged macrophyte biomass and light penetration. These results indicate that carp can significantly affect water quality and nutrient cycling in wetlands and lakes of Manitoba, even at relatively conservative densities. However, carp only induced a shift to the turbid state in the small mesocosm experiments. Failure to shift the large wetland cells to the phytoplankton dominated state was likely due to high DOC concentrations and submerged macrophyte biomass in these large ponds, which reduced the ability of the common carp to increase phytoplankton biomass. At high densities of common carp in the fertilized enclosures, phytoplankton biomass was greatly reduced relative to the no carp and low carp treatments...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".