Host factors associated with HPV infection in Inuit Women of Northern Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex, which is a set of genes involved in the identification of foreign antigens and activation of the immune system, has been proposed as a possible co-factor in HPV infections. Objectives:To determine the frequencies of HLA alleles, haplotypes and genotypes in a cohort of Inuit women in Nunavik, Quebec. The association between these alleles and haplotypes and HPV incidence, period prevalence, persistence, multiple infections and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SILs) will be investigated.Methods:A cohort of 548 Inuit women seeking routine care and living in four different communities of Nunavik was assembled (2002-2010). Cervical specimens were taken at each visit and tested for HPV-DNA. HPV genotypes were classified by oncogenic potential as well as by alpha-papillomavirus species. The HLA alleles were typed using DNA extracted from cervical samples taken at cohort entry. All odds ratios and rate ratios were adjusted for age. Results:The most common HLA class I and class II alleles were HLA-E*0103 (66.4%) and HLA-DQB1*03 (94.2%), respectively. Three HLA-G alleles were prevalent in this population: HLA-G*010401 (50.4%), HLA-G*010101 (31.4%), and HLA-G*010102 (15.2%). HLA-G*010102 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of overall (OR=0.64 95% CI=0.42-0.98) and low risk (LR) (OR=0.37 95% CI=0.16-0.83) HPV period prevalence. HLA-G*010101 (and its homozygous and heterozygous genotypes) were associated with an increased risk of LR alpha group 1 and 3. The homozygous HLA-G*010401 genotype was associated with a decreased risk of LR alpha group 3 infection. No HLA alleles, haplotypes or genotypes were significantly associated with HPV persistence. The HLA-DRB1*13 allele was associated with an increased risk of any SIL and LGSIL. Conclusions:The distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes in a population of Nunavik, Quebec is different from that found in other Canadian populations, which included women of varied ethnicities. Several alleles (G*010101, G*010102, and G*010401) were associated with HPV period prevalence, but no alleles were significantly associated with HPV persistence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".