THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL AMENDMENTS (COAL FLY ASH, AND STABILIZED BIOSOLIDS) ON THE PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODE Meloidogyne hap\\a\\ INCLUDING FREE LIVING NEMATODES, MICROBES AND SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field and greenhouse soil studies were designed to test the effect of stabilized biosolids and coal fly ash as management on the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla. The trials were conducted in a Bryanston silt loam in Southwestern Ontario formed on a calcareous substrate. Fly ash was obtained from the Lambton Generating station in Sarnia, Ontario and stabilized biosolids from lagoons at Glencoe, Ontario. Field and greenhouse crops included carrot (Daucus carota L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), each grown from seeds. Amendment ratios of biosolids and fly ash and application rates were established based on international guidelines and previous studies for the use of biosolids and ash in soils. Field trials included amendments of 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, and 7.5% (w/w) of each raw material. Greenhouse trials included additions of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% (w/w) of each raw material. Changes in parameters that might affect nematode viability were monitored including electrical conductivity, pH, biocontrol agents (bacterial and fungal colony forming units), selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), and plant yield. Carrot yield was improved with increased amendments while infested carrots did not show visible nematode damage. Tomatoes grown with amendments showed improved yields relative to controls in the presence of nematode infection. None of the amendment application rates altered EC, pH, CFU, or metals enough to impact nematode populations. It can be concluded that the amendment application rates tested in this study for the raw materials used were below threshold levels that impact nematode populations. Future work should take into consideration the impact of the raw materials on parameters that control nematodes so that application rates include levels (upper and lower) that affect nematode variability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".