Intimate partner violence, precarious immigration status and migration through the lens of international human rights law: a policy review of Canada and the United Kingdom
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Internationally, human rights obligations pertaining to the protection of women from experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in addition to the eradication of IPV continues to be ignored and further violated by states. This has a unique impact on those experiencing IPV who also exist at the axes of inequality, including migrants. The interplay between migration and victims of IPV is nuanced. One which is largely mutually exclusive, where legal systems that seek to protect migrants or seek protect women facing gender-based violence may not account for the experience of those requiring protection in both realms. The consequences for victims with insecure or precarious immigration status (this includes those who may be undocumented, on a spouse sponsored Visa, refugee claimants, humanitarian and compassionate ground applicants, visitors and students) culminate in numerous uncertainties and barriers including access to securing safety, access to support services, housing, health care and other forms of social assistance. These barriers are all compounded by pressures from immigration and other legal systems, to which survivors may begin to fear removal, deportation or destitution, in many cases leaving the victim to make the decision to stay with their abuser, in order to avoid persecution. As the policing of migration continues to rise on an international level; status is continuing to supersede safety as women with precarious immigration status that are victims of IPV are excluded from many avenues of support. This paper comparatively explores the domestic policies in place for victims of IPV that have precarious or insecure immigration status, across two jurisdictions, the UK and Canada. This paper will also critically engage with the obligations that both states have under international human rights law, including a specific focus on The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (The Istanbul Convention).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.020 | 0.032 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".