L’insertion économique et sociale des femmes immigrantes originaires d’Afrique occidentale et francophones à Montréal : Une approche par les réseaux
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Si l’immigration ouest-africaine est relativement récente au Québec, comparativement à l’immigration européenne, elle grandit toutefois en importance. L’écart de revenu entre les non immigrants et ces nouveaux visages de l’immigration a également cru. Les femmes d'origine africaine font partie des groupes particulièrement touchés par les difficultés d'insertion. C’est pour cela que nous avons choisi dans cette recherche de nous intéresser à la compréhension de leurs difficultés d’insertion. Nous avons donc proposé une étude de cas, ciblant les immigrantes d’origine ouest-africaines et francophones à Montréal. L’objectif est de fournir une compréhension de la manière dont leur capital social, et plus précisément leurs réseaux de relations, intervient dans leur insertion économique et sociale. Une approche par les réseaux de relations qui a motivé une stratégie de recherche mixte, même si le qualitatif, par le biais des entretiens semi-dirigés, y prend plus de place. En effet, pour les besoins de la description des réseaux, l’usage du questionnaire a été nécessaire pour exécuter la méthode du générateur de position. Nous avons de plus construit un modèle d’analyse de l’insertion par les réseaux, qui nous a permis la présentation suivante des résultats. Les lieux de traduction sont là où se développent principalement les réseaux de relations de nos participantes, ce qui fait que la majorité d’entre elles ont des réseaux denses ramifiants, composés de liens faibles endogènes/intra-communautaires. Toutefois, si ces types de réseaux sont potentiellement vecteurs d’insertion, encore faut-il les mobiliser. C’est là la limite des vertus associées au capital social, en effet la grande majorité de nos participantes ont un réseau dense ramifiant et pourtant la plupart est en situation de précarité d’emploi. Les entraves à la mobilisation des réseaux qui sont ressorties des discours sont principalement la méfiance, mêlée à de la pudeur quand elle est dirigée vers la communauté ethnique. \n \nIf West African immigration is relatively recent in Quebec, compared to European immigration, it is growing in importance, however. The income gap between non-immigrants and these new faces of immigration has also grown. Women of African origin are particularly affected by integration difficulties. This is why we have chosen in this research to focus on understanding their integration difficulties. We therefore proposed a case study, targeting West African and Francophone immigrants in Montreal. The objective is to provide an understanding of how their social capital, and more precisely their networks of relationships, intervenes in their economic and social integration. An approach through networks of relationships which has motivated a mixed research strategy, even if the qualitative, through semi-structured interviews, takes up more space. Indeed, for the purposes of the description of the networks, the use of the questionnaire was necessary to execute the position generator method. We also built a network integration analysis model, which allowed us to present the results below. The places of translation are where the networks of relationships of our participants mainly develop, which means that the majority of them have dense branching networks, composed of weak endogenous / intra-community links. However, if these types of networks are potentially vectors of integration, it is still necessary to mobilize them. This is the limit of the virtues associated with social capital; indeed, the vast majority of our participants have a dense branching network and yet most are in a precarious employment situation. The obstacles to the mobilization of networks that emerged from the speeches are mainly distrust, mixed with embarrassment when it is directed towards the ethnic community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".