Methods for determining the centre of effort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is often helpful to calculate a centre of effort to help interpret load data gathered from physical model testing. The centre of effort is taken to be a point where a load consisting of a force and the smallest possible moment must be located if it is to be equivalent to the actual loading on the model. The mathematical equations used to locate the centre of effort cannot specify a point, but do define a line; this line is the line of action of the equivalent load. In an attempt to hold to the traditional view that the centre of effort is a point, a method for selecting a point along the line of action as a point centre of effort is given. The method compares the lines of action from similar test to test is minimized. In some cases, the method can be sensitive to experimental error. The method was applied to data gathered in a test of the hydrodynamic loads acting on a component of a minesweeping system. This application of the method helped to determine what circumstances cause the method to become overly sensitive to experimental error. Two other methods of specifying a point instead of a line were suggested. They set arbitrary restrictions on the location of the centre of effort, and are expected to be roughly as sensitive to error as the method developed here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.071 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".