Municipal-Indigenous Relations in Ontario:\nInitiatives in Brantford, Hamilton, and Niagara\n
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between local government and urban Indigenous Peoples in Ontario is under-studied, even though over half of Canada’s Indigenous population live in urban centres, one in five of Canada’s Indigenous population live in Ontario, and the Six Nations of the Grand River has the largest reserve population in Canada. Brantford, Hamilton, and Niagara were selected to build on previous research that mapped Municipal-Indigenous relations in seven municipalities across Canada. Studies regarding Municipal-Indigenous relations indicate the degree of inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in policy processes is as unique as each municipality. Some municipalities are urban Indigenous policy innovators with formal mechanisms for Indigenous inclusion in policy processes while others lag. An investigation of three Ontario municipalities is pivotal in partially supporting the finding that larger urban centres with proportionately smaller Indigenous populations are moving toward substantive Indigenous relationship building when compared to smaller municipalities with proportionately higher Indigenous populations. Résumé: Les relations entre les administrations locales et les populations autochtones urbaines de l’Ontario n’ont guère été étudiées, même si plus de la moitié de la population autochtone du Canada vit en ville, qu’une personne autochtone sur cinq habite en Ontario et que les Six Nations de Grand River comptent la plus grande population vivant dans une réserve au Canada. Les villes de Brantford, de Hamilton et de Niagara ont été choisies pour poursuivre les recherches antérieures qui avaient cerné les relations entre les municipalités et les Autochtones dans sept municipalités du Canada. D’après les études sur ce sujet, le degré d’inclusion des Autochtones dans les processus politiques varie selon chaque municipalité. Certaines d’entre elles innovent en matière de politique autochtone urbaine et disposent de mécanismes formels d’inclusion des Autochtones, tandis que d’autres sont à la traîne. Une enquête sur trois municipalités de l’Ontario s’impose pour étayer en partie la conclusion selon laquelle les grands centres urbains comptant une population autochtone proportionnellement faible s’orientent vers l’établissement de solides relations avec les Autochtones comparativement aux petites municipalités ayant une population autochtone proportionnellement élevée.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".