Safety and efficacy of Burosumab in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia: A systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia is a rare genetic disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome. It is characterized by early-onset skeletal deformities, hypophosphatemia, and elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 levels. The following mutations lead to recurrent fractures, osteoarthritis, joint stiffness, and a reduced life expectancy. Burosumab, a human monoclonal antibody, is considered a breakthrough in the treatment of X-linked hypophos-phatemia. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and were searched from inception through March 3rd, 2025. Overall, eight clinical trials investigating the effectiveness and safety of Burosumab in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia were identified using the PRISMA guidelines. Out of which two randomized controlled trials exhibited a significant increase in serum phosphate. The other five single-arm studies reported instability in serum phosphate levels with variability in the dosing regimen. Furthermore, other primary outcomes; 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D, serum calcium, and tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration markedly optimized. Secondary outcomes assessing bone pain and ambulation indicated lower scores on the Brief Pain Inventory and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Burosumab was well-tolerated by all participants, with only mild to moderate adverse events reported. The findings indicate significant improvement in levels of key biochemical markers; serum phosphate concentration, tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D after Burosumab use. A decrease in the level of pain and stiffness in joints was reported through the Brief Pain Inventory and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index in most studies. Burosumab was well tolerated by participants from all included studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".