Surveillance of equine influenza virus and cause specific morbidity rate in young horses in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal swabs and acute and convalescent serum samples were collected from a total of 115 client-owned horses in twenty-three outbreaks of respiratory disease reported in Ontario (October 2003 to October 2005). Sera were paired and tested for antibody to equine influenza virus subtype 1 (AE1H7N7), equine influenza virus subtype 2 (AE2-H3N8), equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1), equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV4), equine rhinovirus 1 (ERV1) and equine rhinovirus 2 (ERV2). Overall the cause specific morbidity rate of equine influenza virus in the respiratory outbreaks was 56.5% [determined by the single radial haemolysis test (SRH)]. The AE2-H3N8 was isolated from 15 horses in 5 outbreaks. Interestingly, four fold increase in antibody levels or presence of a high titre against ERV1 was observed in 11/23 outbreaks and ERV2 was observed in 2/4 outbreaks where AE2-H3N8 was diagnosed as the primary cause of disease using the SRH. In conclusion, AE2-H3N8 was found to be an important cause of equine respiratory disease. ERV1 and ERV2, which were present in 18/23 outbreaks, may represent an important component in equine respiratory disease in performance horses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".