A systematic review of associations between substance use and sexual risk behaviour, stis and unplanned pregnancy in women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/introduction: Associations between substance use and sexual risk among general populations of women may be helpful in the development of a sexual risk assessment tool for community health settings. Aim(s)/objectives: To review the evidence for whether smoking, alcohol and drug use variables are associated with reporting of unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple partnerships, STI diagnoses and unplanned pregnancy in women aged 16-44 years. Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched for probability population surveys published between 31/1/1994 and 31/1/2014 that reported on at least one of the outcomes above. Studies were included on women aged 16-44 years in the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, USA or Canada. An independent reviewer screened 10% of title and abstract exclusions and all full-text papers. Results: Three papers were identified. Current smoking was associated with unplanned pregnancy in the last year (Wellings 2013) and with current non-use of contraception among women (Xaverius 2009). Reporting ever smoking daily was also associated with reporting larger numbers of lifetime sexual partners (Cavazos-Rehg, 2011). Drug use in the last year (excepting cannabis) was associated with unplanned pregnancy (Wellings 2013). Cavazos-Rehg, 2011 found a dose response between lifetime partner numbers and heaviness of marijuana and alcohol use. Conversely Xaverius, 2009 found alcohol use was lower among those reporting current non-use of contraception. Discussion/conclusion:No clear direction emerged for the association with alcohol use, in contrast to drug use and smoking. Further research is needed to establish if alcohol has utility in a women's sexual risk assessment tool for community use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".