Bees of the subgenus Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of the western Nearctic region (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sweat bees in the subgenus Dialictus of the genus Lasioglossum are extremely abundant, diverse, rapidly evolving, and poorly known in many regions, factors that make them a significant taxonomic impediment to research. In this work I break down the taxonomic impediment in the western Nearctic region by generating a phylogeny based on ultraconserved elements (UCE) and re-evaluating the limits of Dialictus, revising two common species groups using integrative taxonomy, and updating the 2010 revision of the Canadian Dialictus with new taxonomic information. The UCE phylogeny largely corroborates previous studies of Lasioglossum while resolving the status of three problematic or uncertain taxa: Biennilaeus and Pyghalictus are confirmed as valid subgenera and Eickwortia is expanded to include 18 species formerly placed in Dialictus (including the problematic species L. figueresi). Five new synonymies are established, leaving 25 total subgenera of Lasioglossum I recognise as valid. The first species group revised in depth is the so-called “red-tailed” Dialictus, an artificial assemblage of species recognised by orange-red colouration on the metasoma. I describe 20 new species, establish two new synonymies, and designate a lectotype for the poorly-known species L. mesillense. The second species group is the L. gemmatum species complex, a monophyletic group united primarily by an enlarged tegula. I describe 10 new species and establish 1 new synonymy. For both groups, keys to species, figures, distribution maps, available DNA barcodes, and contextual phylogenies are provided. In the update to the Dialictus of Canada, I describe two new species (one of which is likely endemic to Canada and one likely adventive), report three new species distribution records in Canada, resurrect two species from synonymy, establish five new synonymies, and provide a key to species updated with all taxonomic and nomenclatural changes since 2010.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".