Cognitive testing and analysis of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) exon III polymorphism and CSF metabolites in male African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A sample of 100 male vervets was appraised with the Object Retrieval Task (ORT- a test of general cognitive ability) and Time-Restricted Arousal Induction Test (TRAIT- a response performance task based on ethological observations) and genotyped for a VNTR residing in exon III of the dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4) gene. A factor analysis of the combined measurements has revealed 3 factors, accounting for 70% of the variability. They were interpreted as cognitive ability (eigenvalue=4.3), cautiousness (eigenvalue=2.1) and impulsive responding (eigenvalue=1.3). No association was found between the DRD4 VNTR alleles and impulsive responding (F1,93 =0.082, p=0.775). The smallest and youngest within this sample of young adults have been found to display the most cautious behavior (p=0.002). The heaviest subjects displayed the most uninhibited response-style (p=0.045). And lastly, monkeys with cognitive difficulties had the highest CSF levels of the dopamine metabolite, HVA (p=0.017). The ORT and TRAIT provide rapid screening measures of cognitive ability, cautiousness and impulsive-responding, but extensive validation of these measures with classical cognitive tests was beyond the scope of this project. The relationship between cognitive performance and resting levels of dopamine metabolites suggests that the battery may be useful in future studies of various psychopathological models in this species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".