2-Dimensional edge crushing tests on thick sections of ice confined at the section faces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A crushing apparatus incorporating the novel characteristics of the apparatus used by Gagnon and Bugden (2007), and fabricated at 3 times the scale, has been used to conduct crushing experiments on polycrystalline ice, large single crystals of ice and iceberg ice at -10°C. The results confirmed that the behaviours of the different ice types were essentially invariant for the change of scale and that the apparatus functioned as intended at the larger scale, that is, it provided visual data of a 2-D slice of ice during crushing as though it was part of a larger piece of ice. Rectangular thick sections (3 cm thickness) of ice were confined between two thick borosilicate glass plates and crushed from one edge face at a rate in the range 1.5 - 2.5 cm/s using a transparent acrylic platen (3 cm thickness) inserted between the plates. Three identical pressure sensors, of the same type used before, were placed side-by-side to measure pressure across the full breadth of the platen/ice contact area between the glass plates as the samples were being crushed. The pressure data corroborated with the smaller-scale pressure data from the earlier tests and the apparatus served as a test bed to demonstrate that the pressure-sensing technology could function effectively in the side-by-side configuration. This technology will be used to obtain high spatial resolution pressure data during an upcoming full-scale study of ship / bergy bit impacts within the next few years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".