THE EFFECT OF ACUTE CREATINE MONOHYDRATE LOADING ON BODY COMPOSITION, STRENGTH, AND FATIGABILITY IN WOMEN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Michaela Grace Alesi1, Benjamin E. Dalton2, Jacob M. McDougle3, Ginger Nee4, Darren G. Candow5, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan6, Robert Buresh4, Garrett M. Hester4, Trisha A. VanDusseldorp4. 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. 2University of Guelph, Guelph, ON. 3University of Conneticut, Storrs, CT. 4Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA. 5University of Regina, Regina, SK. 6University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. BACKGROUND: Creatine monohydrate is a well-researched supplement; however, few investigations have been conducted on its effect on women, and only one study to date has factored in the phases of the menstrual cycle. Acute supplementation with creatine monohydrate during exercise has been promoted to benefit body composition and increases in strength and fatigue resistance, however, these findings are more ambiguous in women as much of the data exists from investigations of men. METHODS: Twelve recreationally trained women (22.8 ± 2.98 yrs) participated in this cross-over study, wherein they took both supplements (creatine monohydrate, CM; placebo, maltodextrin, PL) in randomized, double-blind, counterbalance order during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Women were asked to perform a CM or PL loading phase of 20g per day. A 28-day washout period was allowed after the initial supplementation period. Subjects completed 5 total visits. Visit 1 included informed consent and familiarization with the fatiguing exercise protocol. Visits 2-5 comprised measures of 4-compartment body composition and fatiguing exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer. The fatiguing protocol consisted of isokinetic knee extensions at 180 deg/sec for 5 sets of 30 contractions, with 2 min of rest after each set. After each set, participants were asked their rating of perceived exertion using the Borg 1-10 scale. Fatigue index was calculated as followed: (highest peak torque-minimum peak torque)/highest peak torque × 100. Relative fatigue was calculated for each set as follows: (sum of peak toques for set 1 - sum of peak torque for set 2)/sum of peak torques for set 1 × 100. RESULTS: No significant changes for body mass (p=0.551), total body water (p=0.607), fat-free mass (p=0.789), or fat mass (p=0.943) were measured. Strength was unchanged, with no significant changes for peak torque (p=0.646). There was no change in relative fatigue (p= 0.525; p=0.525) or fatigue index (p= 0.823; p=0.149). There was no difference for rating of perceived exertion (p=0.570). CONCLUSIONS: A creatine monohydrate loading period of 20 grams per day for five days did not alter body composition, muscular strength, or fatigability in these recreationally trained women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".