LLGs, CrRLK1Ls, and Plant Reproduction: An Evolutionary Perspective on Reproductive Signaling in Angiosperms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gene family evolution, often driven by duplication events, presents opportunities for organisms to undergo diverse evolutionary paths, acquiring various functions and traits. The model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, has a crucial signaling complex involving three gene families—LLG, CrRLK1L, and RALF—that plays a systemic role in regulating growth, development, and reproduction. Despite extensive research on the molecular functions of this complex in A. thaliana, gaps persist in understanding its evolutionary history and conservation across other plant species. This dissertation addresses these gaps by exploring the evolution and conservation of the LLG-CrRLK1L-RALF tripartite complex across angiosperms. The results in the three chapters detail the evolutionary dynamics and functional conservation of these family members with an emphasis on their roles in reproduction. The first chapter explores the evolution of the LLG family, revealing lineage-specific events contributing to their diversity in angiosperms. Regulatory subfunctionalization is identified as a key factor in the retention of A. thaliana LLGs, with expression analyses suggesting a conserved ancestral role in pollen tube growth across angiosperms. The second chapter focuses on the CrRLK1L family, providing a comprehensive evolutionary perspective by characterizing clades, identifying motifs, and revealing a conserved role in pollen tube growth. The third chapter investigates the functional conservation of this system in pollen tube growth within eudicots using the CrRLK1L, BUPS. Taken together, the three chapters contribute to a holistic understanding of the evolutionary history and functional conservation of crucial gene families involved in plant reproductive processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".