Lazy Learning for Impoving Ranking of Decision Trees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Decision tree-based probability estimation has received great attention because accurate probability estimation can possibly improve classification accuracy and probability-based ranking. In this paper, we aim to improve probability-based ranking under decision tree paradigms using AUC as the evaluation metric. We deploy a lazy probability estimator at each leaf to avoid uniform probability assignment. More importantly, the lazy probability estimator gives higher weights to the leaf samples closer to an unlabeled sample so that the probability estimation of this unlabeled sample is based on its similarities to those leaf samples. The motivation behind it is that ranking is a relative evaluation measurement among a set of samples, therefore, it is reasonable to yield the probability for an unlabeled sample with reference to its extent of similarities to its neighbors. The proposed new decision tree model, LazyTree, outperforms C4.5, its recent improvement C4.4 and their state-of-the-art variants in AUC on a large suite of benchmark sample sets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".