LEVEL OF SUPPLEMENTAL FAT IN PREGNANT BEEF COW DIETS DURING MID-TO-LATE GESTATION: EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF THE DAM AND PROGENY FROM BIRTH TO WEANING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2-year study evaluated the effects of feeding a canola-based (7.4% ether extract) pellet to gestating cows on cow performance, reproductive efficiency, milk yield and composition, blood metabolite concentrations, and calf performance until weaning. Each yr, 72 pregnant cows were stratified by stage of gestation (111 ± 20 d) and body weight (BW; 619 ± 50 kg), allocated to 12 pens in a randomized complete block design. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 replicated (n = 4/yr) dietary treatments: 0 (CON), 150 (LOW), and 300 (HIGH) g of fat/d from canola pellet (DM basis). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (CP: 8.40 ± 0.40%) and isocaloric (TDN: 59.78 ± 1.05%), while meeting NASEM (2016) nutrient requirements for pregnant beef cattle. Treatments were fed during the last two trimesters of gestation (148 ± 3 d) based on a dry matter intake of 1.89% of treatment average BW and transitioned to a common diet at the end of the feeding trial. Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear and quadratic relationships between fat inclusion and dependent variables. Differences were detected in body condition score (BCS; 1-5 scale; P = 0.03) and rib fat thickness (P < 0.05) at the start of trial, thus were included as covariates in the analysis of all related variables at subsequent time points. BW and conceptus corrected BW tended to linearly increase (P = 0.10 and 0.07, respectively) and the percentage of thin cows (BCS ≤ 2.5) linearly decreased (P = 0.01) across treatments at calving. As fat inclusion increased, BCS change from calving to breeding and weaning (P < 0.01 and 0.01, respectively) and BCS at breeding (P < 0.01) quadratically decreased. There was a quadratic response (P = 0.03) in pregnancy rate to fat inclusion, maximizing at 150 g/d of added fat. Although fat inclusion tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.10) male birth weight, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.34) in progeny weaning weight or average daily gain from birth to weaning for either sex. Fat supplementation at 150 g/d optimized reproduction without negative impacts on pre-weaning progeny growth and profitability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".