Magazine images depicting the ideal fit male body: An outlet for influencing body image perception and exercise related cognitions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the increasing availability of magazines depicting the ideal male figure, body image concerns and dissatisfactions are becoming more prominent in males (Morry & Staska, 2001). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of viewing health/fitness and sports magazine images on male body perceptions and exercise related cognitions. Participants (N=280, mean age 36.34, range 18-68 years) were randomly assigned to view magazine images in one of three conditions: image-only, magazine cover, or control. Participants then self-reported internalization, self-objectification, reasons for exercise, and exercise intentions. A series of 3 (condition) by 3 (age) ANOVA analyses were conducted. Participants in the image-only group displayed the greatest level of internalization-general: F(2, 271) = 5.65, p = .004, ?2 = .040. Furthermore, compared to younger or middle aged males, older males reported less internalization-general, F(2, 271) = 15.19, p = .000, ?2 = .101, internalization-athlete, F(2, 271) = 13.07, p = .000, ?2 = .088, and self-objectification, F(2, 271) = 6.13, p = .002, ?2 = .043. These findings suggest that males are not influenced by the media to the same extent as females are. In addition, these findings support claims made by Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) regarding the decreasing influence of the media as individuals grow older. The outcomes of this study may help expand research regarding the powerful force of mass media and its influence on consumers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".