Molecular population genetics of genes of spermatogenesis in Drosophila
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybrid males resulting from crosses between closely related species of Drosophila are sterile.The Fl hybrid sterility phenofype is mainly due to defects occurring during speffn maturation.From this perspective, it is believed that genes controlling sperrn maturation may be subjected to selective diversification between species but may also experience selective constraints that are typical of developmental genes.We compared the molecular evolutionary pattern of don juan (dj), always early (aly) and bag of ntarbles (bam), thu'ee genes playing a role at different stages during the sperm developmental pathway in Drosophila.Don juan is a late gene, expressed postmeiotically duling spermiogenesis in elongated spermatids and also in mature sperms; aly is a meiotic arrest gene regulating entrance into meiotic division and batn gene regulates the progression through the early steps of the male and female germ cell lineage.The complete coding region of these genes v/as sequenced in different strains of Drosopltila melanogaster and D. simulans.Estimates of propor-tion of nonsynonymous and synonymous intraspecific polymorphism and interspecific divergence suggest that purifying selection constrains the accumulation of random mutations in these genes.Selective constraints are stronger in regions that define function such as the nuclear localization domains in aly and dj.Nucleotide polymorphism and divergence were found to be within average values for developmental genes in DrosopltilabuT Tajima's D and Fu and Li's test of neutrality suggest some form of purifying selection or positive selection within D. melanogaster populations.All the coding regions in bam, aly and d7 showed higher rate of IX interspecific than intraspecific nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions.The sign of positive selection driving divergence f'om D. simulans is evident for the dj gene in African populations and exon two of aly gene in both African and Non-African populations.However, a significant result for aly might be biased by a high transition/transversion ratio indicative of mutation bias.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".