Standardized Application of Force Plate-based Measures of Standing Balance in the Sub-acute Stage of Stroke Recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People with stroke have poor balance in standing and moving, and experience frequent falls. Impaired balance is a major risk factor for falls in stroke. Therefore, it is important to objectively investigate balance difficulties to develop effective rehabilitation and falls-prevention strategies. Force plate-based balance measures have previously been used to inform clinicians and researchers about balance impairments in the stroke population; however, little is known about their measurement properties, particularly in sub-acute stroke. The overall goal of this dissertation was to establish reliability, validity, and responsiveness of force plate-based measures in sub-acute stroke, and to determine the measures with the best measurement properties. Study 1 established relative and absolute reliabilities for sixteen balance measures, and demonstrated that directional weight-bearing asymmetry (indicates uneven weight distribution), speeds of centre of pressure (indicates neuromuscular control needed for regulating postural fluctuations), and symmetry index (represents contributions of each lower extremity in controlling balance) had the highest relative reliability and lowest measurement error in sub-acute stroke. Study 2 examined concurrent validity of reliable force plate-based measures, and their ability in discriminating different groups. This study found that speed of centre of pressure along the anterior-posterior axis had the highest concurrent validity, while weight-bearing asymmetry had the best capacity to distinguish between people with and without a history of falls, and also between those at high versus low-moderate risks of falls. In Study 3, responsiveness of reliable force plate-based measures, following a period of routine inpatient rehabilitation, was studied. Speed of centre of pressure along the medial-lateral axis, and weight-bearing asymmetry had the highest responsiveness. Additionally, weight-bearing asymmetry and symmetry index were more responsive in individuals who had higher initial reliance on their non-paretic lower extremity for controlling standing balance. Combined, these findings suggest that weight-bearing asymmetry, and speeds of centre of pressure along the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions have the overall best measurement properties, which can be used to precisely study balance in people with sub-acute stroke.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".