Towards a dynamic approach to ocean management in the high seas : perspectives from the polar regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are exposed to increased cumulative pressures from manifold anthropogenic activities and climate change impacts.Despite the numerous international efforts to reverse biodiversity loss, such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) negotiated under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the recently concluded negotiations on a new international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ), marine biodiversity continues to deteriorate.It remains largely unprotected, especially in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ).This indicates the failure of the current ocean governance systems and the ineffectiveness of existing management tools.Based on this hypothesis, the research aims to provide new perspectives for ocean management to adequately reflect the dynamics of marine ecosystems, which are inherent to it but also result from climate change impacts and human activities.As such, an extensive literature review, including the examination of relevant legal frameworks and relevant examples to provide a comprehensive overview of the current legal framework for the conservation of marine biodiversity applicable to ABNJ and how it reflects the dynamic characteristics of marine ecosystems, is undertaken.Two case studies from the Polar Regions which represent an innovative perspective for ocean management and governance approaches will complement the research.Accordingly, a number of relevant mechanisms that allow and provide for a more dynamic approach to ocean management in consideration of dynamic changes in the polar marine ecosystems are identified.Following the identification of gaps and opportunities in current ocean management and linking the different chapters of the research, the thesis provides key take-away messages unearthed through the research project.As such, the author concludes by highlighting that despite the remaining uncertainties of the legal framework and the largely insufficient ocean management system to efficiently protect and adequately react to rapid changes in the marine environment, international efforts, existing legal instruments, and management approaches from AWNJ and ABNJ provide a real opportunity to enhance ocean governance and management systems, generally but particularly in ABNJ.implementing interim measures to prevent unregulated fishing in the high sea portion of the CAO.Against this background, the negotiations were joined by other states interested in potential fishing activities within the area, -i.e., China, the EU, Iceland, Japan, and South Korea.Additionally, separate meetings of scientific experts on fish stocks in the CAO were held (Ibid.).Ultimately, a draft agreement was concluded at the end of 2017, made available in 2018, and subsequently resulted in the adoption of the final CAOFA, which entered into force in 2021.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".