Volumetric change of Klinaklini and Tiedemann Glaciers, Southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glaciers of the Southern Coast Mountains are an important source of freshwater in the province, but few studies detail their volumetric change. We utilized digital elevation models (DEMs) from aerial photography (1965, 1985) and from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery (2000, 2006) to calculate thickness and volumetric changes in the ablation zones of Klinaklini and Tiedemann glaciers. The ablation area of Klinaklini Glacier thinned by an average of - 150 ± 17 m and lost -13.9 ± 1.7 km3 during the period 1965-2006 while Tiedemann Glacier thinned -49 ± 20 m and lost -1.1 ± 0.5 km3 over the same interval. Klinaklini Glacier experienced maximum rates of thinning and volumetric change during the period 2000-2006, while the highest rates of thinning and ice loss for Tiedemann Glacier occurred 1985-2000, which corresponds to one of the warmest periods of the 20th century. Differences in size and debris cover may explain the variable response of the glaciers to climate change. Work is in progress to extend the analysis further back using 1949 aerial photography.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".