Aplicação de ferramentas de análise do ciclo de vida na sustentabilidade da construção : estudo de caso
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A construção e exploração de edifícios consome energia, materiais e água em grandes quantidades, que se torna legitimo dizer que o seu desenvolvimento sustentável depende, de alguma forma, do sector da construção. A União Europeia tem empreendido grandes esforços no sentido de desenvolver estratégias para a minimização de impactos ambientais resultantes da actividade da construção e promover as condições necessárias para que a indústria da construção se torne cada vez mais competitiva. Para tal foram identificados três factores tidos como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento sustentável da construção: a utilização de materiais “amigos do ambiente”, a eficiência energética dos edifícios e a gestão dos resíduos resultantes da construção como da demolição de estruturas. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é a apresentação de um caso de estudo que caminhe para uma solução final pensada e definida tendo em consideração os objectivos principais da construção sustentável, aplicando uma ferramenta de análise do ciclo de vida. A opção por uma moradia unifamiliar resultou em grande parte do facto deste sector da construção ser um sector estratégico para o crescimento das construções metálica e madeira a nível global e onde, em Portugal, imperam ainda as soluções de betão. Após definido o modelo de moradia, foi inserido no software Canadiano de análise do ciclo de vida ATHENA, as três soluções construtivas para o estudo comparativo: betão, aço e madeira. Dos resultados obtidos do programa, a principal conclusão a tirar foi que, comparativamente a outros estudos já realizados nesta área, a solução de madeira é a solução mais adequada do ponto de vista ambiental com menor consumo de energia, de materiais e gerando menos resíduos sólidos. A utilização de soluções construtivas que constam na base de dados do programa condicionou as escolhas a adoptar, podendo levar a conclusões um pouco distorcidos da realidade Portuguesa. ABSTRACT: Constructing and exploring buildings demands high quantities of energy, materials and water, which makes it legitimate to say that their sustainable development depends, to some extent, on the building trade. The European Union has been deeply involved in the development of novel strategies aimed at diminishing building environmental impacts and at promoting the necessary conditions for the building trade to become more and more competitive. To achieve such objectives, three factors have been considered as fundamental for the building sustainable development, namely the use of environment-friendly materials, the energetic efficiency of buildings and the management of wastes resulting from construction and structure demolitions. The main goal of this study is to present a study case, which may lead to a final solution based on the main principles of sustainable building. The option for a one-family house is due to the fact that building is strategically still very important for the growing of the metallic and wood building sector, bearing in mind that in Portugal concrete solutions still reign. After defining the house model, the three building solutions (concrete, steel and wood) were inserted in the Canadian software of life cycle analysis ATHENA. From the results obtained with the software, the main conclusion was that, in comparison with previous studies in the same field, the wood solution is the most adequate in terms of environment, with less energy and materials consumption and producing thus less solid wastes. The use of the building solutions, that exist in the software database, has restricted the options to take, leading eventually to a distort view of the Portuguese reality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".