Behaviour of GFRP-reinforced concrete circular columns under simulated seismic loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Columns in earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete (RC) structures need adequate confinement to exhibit stable seismic response with satisfactory level of deformability. Circular RC columns can be confined using spirals or discrete hoops. While the use of non-corroding fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has been established as a viable substitute for conventional steel, the available code provisions for seismic design of FRP confinement reinforcement are overly conservative. This is due to the scarcity of the available research data, particularly those related to high-strength concrete (HSC) columns and those with different aspect ratios. That is, the linear-elastic behavior of FRP material could be of concern when combined with the brittle nature of HSC or implemented in short columns, which could be significantly influenced by shear stresses. A trailblazer research program was conducted to explore the seismic behaviour of glass FRP (GFRP)-RC circular columns, including experimental and numerical phases. The experimental work incorporated the construction and testing of fifteen full-scale GFRP-RC column-footing connections under concurrent axial loading and cyclic lateral drift reversals. The investigated parameters were the longitudinal reinforcement type, transverse reinforcement configuration, concrete compressive strength, axial load level and column aspect ratio. The numerical phase included the construction and validation of a three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element model (FEM) against results from the experimental phase. The validated FEM was, then, used to conduct a comprehensive parametric study investigating the effect of the practical range of concrete compressive strength, spiral pitch, axial load level and column aspect ratio on the behaviour of such columns. The results indicated the conservativeness of design provisions related to spiral pitch whereas the provisions of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code for lap splice length of discrete FRP hoops were found to be unsafe. Additionally, GFRP-reinforced HSC circular columns can exhibit stable seismic response with sufficient deformability when properly-confined. Unlike steel-RC columns, changing the aspect ratio insignificantly influenced the hysteretic response of GFRP-RC columns. Based on the results of this study, two new design models to predict the amount of FRP confinement reinforcement with remarkable accuracy were proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".