Catalogue of International and Regional Legal Standards:Refugee and Human Rights Law Standards Applicable to Asylum Governance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
adopted the broad definition of refugee of the Cartagena Declaration, by extending refugee status to people fleeing situations of 'severe and generalized violation of human rights '.20 Canada acceded to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (hereinafter jointly referred to as the 1951 Convention) in 1969.It maintains reservations to articles 23 and 24 of the 1951 Convention by interpreting "lawfully staying" as referring only to refugees admitted for permanent residence.Canada is party to several core International human rights instruments, including the ICCPR and its two optional protocols, and ICESCR.Canada is also party to the CAT and to the CERD.Canada has not ratified the CAT Optional Protocol establishing a monitoring system to prevent violations of the Convention by state parties and the ICESCR Optional Protocol on a complaints procedure.Canada is not party to the CMW and the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons.As a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Canada is also party of the inter-American human rights system.Canada is under an obligation to respect human rights as provided in the OAS Charter as well as in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man.Canada recognises the functions of the inter-American Commission on human rights, including its competence to formulate recommendations to member states and receive and process individual petitions.However, Canada as not ratified the American Convention on Human Rights and has thus not recognized the jurisdiction of the inter-American Court of Human Rights.This also implies that the inter-American Commission cannot refer to the Court cases regarding Canada.21 Jordan is not party to the Refugee Convention nor its 1967 Protocol, but is party to the ICCPR) and ICESCR.However, Jordan has ratified neither the ICCPR first optional protocol establishing a communication procedure nor the ICCPR second optional protocol on the abolition of the death penalty.Jordan is also not party to the ICESCR optional protocol allowing for individual communications.Jordan is party to several other core UN human rights instruments, including the CAT and the CERD.Jordan also ratified CEDAW, but not its optional protocol on a communications procedure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.025 | 0.068 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.014 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.042 | 0.047 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".