Denied the Right to Health Care
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In June 2018, Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) enacted changes to the medical inadmissibility provision (section 38(1)(c)) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) in the form of a temporary public policy. These consisted of raising the cost threshold for defining "excessive demand," and narrowing the scope of "social services" eligible to be deemed a burden to the state when considering temporary and permanent residency applications to Canada. Reasons cited for the proposed changes included promoting the inclusion of applicants with disabilities (such as children in need of special education) and of applicants requiring costly prescription drugs (such as HIV-positive individuals). Although impacts at this stage are preliminary, these amendments are expected to greatly decrease the number of medical inadmissibility findings issued to permanent and temporary residence applicants on a yearly basis. This reform occurred in the context of mounting societal and political pressures calling for a more humanitarian approach to immigration policy. It illustrates important tensions underlying the state's obligation to protect the collective good of society while navigating the ethical implications of exclusionary immigration measures. En juin 2018, Immigration, Refugiés et Citoyenneté Canada (IRCC) a apporté des changements à la politique d'interdiction de territoire pour motifs sanitaires (section 38(1)(c)) de la Loi sur l'immigration et la protection des réfugiés, sous la forme d'une politique publique temporaire. Ces changements consistaient à augmenter le seuil de coûts servant à définir un "fardeau excessif," ainsi qu'à réduire le périmètre de définition des "services sociaux" susceptibles d'être perçus comme représentant une charge financière pour l'État lors de l'évaluation des demandes de statut de résidence temporaire ou permanente au Canada. La promotion de l'inclusion des individus souffrant de handicaps (tels que les enfants ayant besoin d'un enseignement spécialisé) et des personnes nécessitant des ordonnances coûteuses (telles que les personnes séropositives) faisaient parie des raisons invoquées pour les changements proposés. Bien qu'il soit trop tôt pour en mesurer les effets, ces modifications pourraient considérablement réduire le nombre d'interdictions de territoire pour motifs sanitaires émises chaque année à l'encontre des demandeurs de résidence permanente et temporaire. Des pressions sociales et politiques croissantes pour une approche plus humanitaire de la politique d'immigration canadienne ont créé un contexte favorable pour cette réforme. Celle-ci illustre les tensions importantes entre l'obligation de l'État de protéger le bien-être collectif de la société et les implications éthiques des pratiques d'immigration restrictives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.059 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".