Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis is an investigation of the diagnosis and treatment of postpartum subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in two commercial dairy herds in south-western Ontario. Cows were examined at visit 1 (V1), 20-33 days in milk (DIM), for the presence of abnormal vaginal discharge externally on the tail, perineum and vulva, and by vaginoscopy. Clinically normal cows (n = 230), based on the absence of abnormal vaginal discharge, were selected. The reproductive tract of selected cows was examined by uterine palpation per-rectum, ultrasonography and endometrial cytology evaluation using the cytobrush. All cows included in the study were re-examined at visit 2 (V2) 14 days after V1. Survival analysis was used to determine a case definition of subclinical endometritis based on factors associated with risk of pregnancy. Based on reproductive performance, the presence of >18% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells and fluid in the uterus (FIU) were the criteria to identify cows with subclinical endometritis at V1. The prevalence of subclinical endometritis at V1 was 18.0%. Diagnostic criteria based on uterine palpation per-rectum had no association with the risk of pregnancy. The presence of >10%PMN and FIU were the criteria to identify cows with subclinical endometritis at V2. The prevalence of subclinical endometritis at V2 was 15.8%. Cows with subclinical endometritis at both V1 and V2 had a 60% reduced risk of pregnancy (p < 0.01). Cows with >18%PMN or FIU alone and either >18%PMN or FIU had a decreased reproductive performance (p > 0.01). Cows were randomly assigned at V1 to one of three treatment groups, a single intramuscular injection of 500 [mu]g of cloprostenol (CLO), a single intrauterine infusion of 500 mg of benzathine cephapirin (CEP) and untreated control (CON). Among cows with >18%PMN, CEP treatment significantly improved the reproductive performance (p = 0.03). Among all cows, and among cows with PEC (or) FIU, both CLO and CEP treatments significantly increased the risk of pregnancy (p > 0.01). Among cows with subclinical endometritis (PEC+FIU), there was no significant difference in reproductive performance among treatments at V1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".