Effect of induced acute metabolic alkalosis by sodium bicarbonate administration on exercise ventilatory efficiency in healthy adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study of 18 healthy adults aged 22.2 ± 0.5 yrs (mean ± SE), we tested the hypothesis that increasing the arterial PCO2 equilibrium point via induced acute metabolic alkalosis by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, 0.3 g/kg) administration would decrease the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (V̇E-V̇CO2) at its lowest point ("nadir") during high-intensity constant-load cycle exercise testing, reflecting improved exercise ventilatory efficiency. Compared to the NaCl control condition, administration of NaHCO3: increased arterialized venous pH, HCO3- and PCO2 at rest by 0.05 ± 0.01 units, 4.3 ± 0.7 mmHg and 6.4 ± 0.4 meq/L, respectively (all p<0.0001); decreased the V̇E/V̇CO2 nadir by 9.4% (p<0.0001) secondary to reduced V̇E (by 4.7 ± 1.8 L/min, p=0.019); had no effect on cardiometabolic and symptom responses to exercise; and did not improve exercise tolerance. In conclusion, induced acute metabolic alkalosis by NaHCO3 administration improved exercise ventilatory efficiency in healthy adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".