Effect of Feeding Ergot Alkaloids on Ruminal Metabolism, Growth Performance, Health and Welfare of Beef Cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ergot contamination of cereal crops has been more prevalent within the last decade, increasing the occurrence in beef cattle diets. The overall objectives were to examine the effects of ergot alkaloids (EA) on ruminal metabolism, growth performance, health and welfare of beef cattle. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the effect of EA (20 mg/kg), a mycotoxin deactivating product (MDP; 1g/d) and their interaction (EA×MDP) on ruminal fermentation parameters using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). This study was performed in a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned (n = 4 vessels/treatment) within two RUSITEC apparatuses in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included: 1) control (CON) diet; 2) CON diet + MDP; 3) CON diet + EA; and 4) CON diet + EA + MDP. Dry matter disappearance (P = 0.01; 87.9 vs. 87.2%), organic matter disappearance (P = 0.02; 88.8 vs. 88.4%), acetate proportion (P = 0.01), acetate:propionate (P = 0.03), microbial diversity (P = 0.05) decreased with EA. Inclusion of MDP increased OMD (P = 0.01; 88.3 vs. 88.9%) and NDFD (P < 0.001), total volatile fatty acid production (P < 0.001), proportions of acetate (P = 0.03), propionate (P = 0.03), and decreased total microbial nitrogen production (P = 0.001). In conclusion, EA reduced OMD and acetate production due to impaired rumen function, these responses were reversed by MDP. The second study objective was to evaluate increasing concentrations of EA on growth performance, carcass quality, welfare and health parameters of feedlot steers. This study used 240 steers, randomly allocated to 16 pens (15 steers/pen). Treatments included 1) control (CTRL), no added EA; 2) CTRL + 0.75 mg/kg EA (EA075); 3) CTRL + 1.5 mg/kg EA (EA150); and 4) CTRL + 3.0 mg/kg EA (EA300). All treatments were fed a barley-based diet during backgrounding (BG; 84 d), then transitioned (28 d) to a finishing diet (FS; 119 d) before slaughter. During FS, after 190 days on feed (DOF), EA300 was moved to CTRL due to EA induced hyperthermia symptoms. During BG increasing EA concentrations promoted a linear decrease in final body weight (BW; P = 0.03) and total BW gain (P = 0.02). Over the full FS phase, EA150 showed the poorest growth performance as shown by a quadratic response in average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.05), final BW (P = 0.05), total BW gain (P=0.02) and carcass weight (P = 0.05). Over the trial increasing EA in the diet linearly increased (P < 0.01) rectal body temperature. Inclusion >0.75 mg/kg EA caused reductions in performance and welfare concerns, although this breakpoint may be affected by environmental factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".