Early acquisition of bowel segment-specific Bcl-2 homolog expression profiles during \ndevelopment of the human ileum and colon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adult small and large intestines display \ndistinct expression profiles of Bcl-2 homologs, known \nregulators of apoptosis. This is thought to indicate that \ncontrol mechanisms of intestinal apoptosis are gut \nsegment-specific. Little is known on the expression of \nBcl-2 homologs during gut development. In man, \nintestinal features and functions are acquired largely by \nmid-gestation (18-20 wks); the question whether \nsegment-specific controls of intestinal apoptosis are also \nacquired early during development remains open. In the \npresent study, we approached this by investigating the \nexpression of six Bcl-2 homologs (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl- \n1, Bax, Bak, Bad), and one nonhomologous associated \nmolecule (Bag-1), during development of the human \nileum and colon (12-20 wks of gestation). Beginning at \n18 wks, we found that the epithelial localization of Bcl-2 \nhomologs displayed differential patterns (or gradients) in \nboth the ileum and colon; however, the patterns of some \nof the homologs differed between the two segrnents. For \ninstance, Bag-1 and Bcl-2 exhibited crypt-villus \ndecreasing gradients of expression in the ileum but not \nin the colon, whereas Mcl-1 displayed differing \ncompartimentalizations between the two segments. \nFurther analyses indicated that the steady-state \nexpression levels of Bcl-2 homologs underwent \nmodulations between 12 and 20 wks; however, the \nobsewed developmental profiles contrasted significantly \nbetween the two segments. For example, Bcl-2, Bag-1 \nand Bak levels increased in the colon, but the levels of \nthese same homo.logs decreased in the ileum. \nFurthermore, by 18-20 wks, we found that the \nexpression levels of each Bcl-2 homolog analyzed \ndiffered greatly between the ileum and colon. \nAltogether, these data indicate that the expression of Bcl-2 homologs is modulated differentially during \nhuman gut development in order to establish, by midgestation, \ndistinct expression profiles for the small and \nlarge intestines. This in turn suggests that gut segmentspecific \ncontrol mechanisms of human intestinal \napoptosis are acquired early during fetal life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".