Fate and transport of explosives in the environment: a chemist’s view
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wide use of nitroorganic based energetic chemicals (NOCs) such as the aromatic TNT and the non-aromatic cyclic nitramines RDX and HMX has resulted in the contamination of vast terrestrial and aquatic systems. Several reports described the toxic and carcinogenic effects of some of these chemicals and their degradation products to various terrestrial, aquatic and avian receptors. However, to validate these claims and to determine the true identity of the chemicals that causes the effect, we need to first understand the transport and transformation mechanisms of these chemicals. NOCs are a special class of chemicals with unique physical, chemical and biochemical properties making them mobile and labile molecules in the environment. Consequently, NOCs have the potential to migrate through subsurface soil and to undergo (bio)transformation to other chemicals, which raises the question "what is the real impact of these chemicals on the environment?" To be able to provide an unequivocal answer to the above question we must first understand various abiotic and biotic transformation routes that these chemicals may encounter in the environment under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Secondly, we need to know the ability of these chemicals and their degradation products to migrate through the environment. Knowledge of the transport and transformation routes of these chemicals will help understand their potential environmental impact.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".