Genetic Structure and Demographic Impacts of Oil Spills in Western and Clark's Grebes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known about Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) movement patterns, \nincluding breeding philopatry, winter site fidelity, migratory connectivity, and within-season movement. Such patterns are important to understanding grebe biology and \ndetermining how populations are limited, but are challenging to explore in this species. \nWe conducted a preliminary study of grebe population structure and movement patterns \nusing microsatellite data and banding recovery data. The six microsatellite loci used did \nnot have the power to detect differentiation among two disparate breeding colonies \n(Eagle Lake, California; and Lake Wabuman, Alberta) and three wintering areas (coastal \nWashington, northern coastal California, and southern coastal California). Additionally, \nno significant differentiation was picked up between the Western Grebe and its closely \nrelated sister taxa, the Clark???s Grebe (A. clarkii). Future studies should include additional \nand more variable loci. Limited band recovery data suggest that, although migratory \nconnectivity is not strong as birds from a given breeding locale migrating to multiple wintering regions, moderate levels of connectivity do occur. Birds from Manitoba ??? the \nonly breeding population for which there is a sample size of birds banded and \nencountered ??? winter in highest frequency in the coastal and Puget Sound regions of \nWashington and British Columbia. These recovery data show Western Grebes to have \nplasticity in both their breeding and winter site fidelity, a trait predicted by the variability \nin breeding site condition and coastal winter food availability. Additionally, we observed \nrelatively large-scale movements within winter seasons. These are among the only \ninsights into Western Grebe movements, outlining the need for larger scale studies of \nmovement and population structure, especially in light of current conservation issues \nfaced by this species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".