Habitat selection of the great basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) in the grasslands of British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wetlands and their surrounding upland areas provide crucial habitat for the Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana), a species at risk in the grasslands of the southern interior of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Understanding habitat selection and how these animals respond to change is crucial in the creation and implementation of conservation plans for this species. I studied the habitat selection of the Great Basin Spadefoot in the grasslands surrounding the New Gold - New Afton Mine, located approximately 10 km from Kamloops, BC. The objectives of my study were to (1) determine what type of breeding ponds spadefoots were using, (2) determine if artificial ponds could be used as a management tool, (3) determine desirable adult daytime retreat site features and decipher movement patterns to predict habitat use, and (4) determine microhabitat preferences of newly-metamorphosed spadefoots. To analyze breeding pond selection, 18 ponds on the mine site were surveyed. There was no significant difference between breeding (n=10) and non-breeding ponds (n=8) for any of the water or pond characteristics measured. Eight artificial ponds were also constructed in November 2013, and spadefoots bred in four of the eight novel ponds the following spring. Throughout the 2013 and 2014 activity seasons, radio-telemetry was used to locate daytime retreat sites and monitor movements of 33 adult animals. The maximum and mean maximum straight-line distance (m) travelled by adult spadefoots from their breeding ponds was 506 m and 240 m 146 SD. The telemetered animals relocated between retreat sites, often returning to burrows used previously. There was no significant difference, in respect to soil moisture, aspect, slope or percent ground cover, between used and available habitat plots. I also conducted a microhabitat study, within artificial enclosures, that revealed that newly-metamorphosed spadefoots preferred terrestrial habitat with moist cover. Aside from this narrow window of vulnerability, my study indicates that this species has the ability to inhabit and persist in drier, altered grassland habitats in this region through a very plastic response to a wide range of conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".