Inelastic light scattering studies of biological \nmacromolecular solutions and virus crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, Brillouin light scattering is used as a tool to explore the elastic and \nviscoelastic properties of different macromolecular systems. Specifically, we explore \ntwo common macromolecular systems: aqueous solutions and crystals. By performing \nexperiments on these different systems, we are able to explore the evolution of the \nproperties of interest in three distinct regimes. By performing experiments on aqueous \nsolutions, we are able to explore the dilute regime, wherein solute molecules may be \ntreated as non-interacting particles, and the semi-dilute regime, where intermolecular \ninteractions cannot be neglected. Finally, performing experiments on macromolecular \ncrystals allows us to observe the elastic properties of macromolecules in the solid state. \nThe effects of macromolecular crowding have been extensively studied by various \nexperimental techniques. Such works have demonstrated a significant amount of \nbinding of solvent to the hydration shells of such crowders, drastically reducing the \navailable free volume. In this work, Brillouin light scattering experiments were performed \non aqueous solutions of Ficoll 70 and Ficoll 400 with concentrations ranging \nfrom 1 wt% to 35 wt% and Bovine Serum Albumin with concentrations of 1 wt% \nto 27 wt%. By examining the evolution of longitudinal Brillouin peak parameters \nwith solute concentration, we calculated viscoelastic properties, including hypersound \nvelocity, adiabatic bulk modulus and compressibility, apparent viscosity, and hypersound \nattenuation. Existing theory could only capture trends in this evolution up \nto a threshold concentration due to the neglect of intermolecular interactions. As \nsuch, the addition of a quadratic term was incorporated to account for intermolecular \ninteractions between solute molecules. In Ficoll solutions, evidence of a central mode, \nwhich is due to relaxation of solvent in the polymer hydration shell, was observed. \nIn recent years, there has been a growing amount of interest in exploration of the \nelastic properties of crystalline macromolecular structures. Such properties of virus \ncrystals, however, are still hardly known. In the present work, crystals of satellite \ntobacco mosaic virus were grown using hang drop vapour diffusion techniques. Crystal \nclusters grown were subsequently used in Brillouin light scattering experiments. \nPeaks in Brillouin spectra were determined to be due to longitudinal bulk modes, \nand the parameters of these peaks were used to approximate hypersound velocity and \nattenuation within the crystals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".