Medium-scale fire experiments of commercial premises
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents and discusses the results of a fire load survey and of a set of medium-scale fire experiments, which were jointly conducted by Carleton University and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) to determine the burning characteristics of combustibles in commercial premises. The experiments were conducted in an ISO 9705 compatible dimensions and the fire load density used in the experiments ranged from 661 MJ/m2 to 4,900 MJ/m2. The long-term objective of this work is to develop design fires for commercial buildings. The combustibles present in the buildings were determined through a fire load survey of 168 commercial premises that was conducted in 2003 in the Canadian cities of Ottawa and Gatineau. The products in the shops included clothing, footwear, toys, computer equipment, books, foodstuff, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, arts and crafts supplies, and photographic and hairdressing products.The results from the tests reveal interesting and varied burning characteristics of the fuel packages simulating the fuel loads found in the different shops. Fuel packages consisting of high plastic, rubber and edible-oil content attained high peak heat release rates (1,300 to 1,950 KW) and exhibited fast fire growth and significant smoke production (0.96 to 2.74 OD/m). The paper also presents the detailed results, including a test log, of a fire test with a fuel package simulating a fast food shop. The results show that the fire reached a peak heat release rate of about 1562 kW at 6.5 minutes from ignition, and a peak gas temperature of 735 °C in the hot layer.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".