Nationalizations and privatizations in Portugal during the last quarter of the 20th century : were they profitable to the state?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This text tries to assess the profitability of the nationalization and privatization processes that took place during the last quarter of the 20th century in Portugal from the point of view of the State accounts. It concludes that indemnities paid for nationalizations and expropriations carried on in 1975 were not a heavy burden to the Portuguese State, and that the present discounted value of dividends and revenue from privatizations exceeded the present discounted value of expenditure with indemnities for nationalizations and expropriations and subsidies to public enterprises. However, as revenue from privatization approaches exhaustion and net subsidies to public enterprises do not show a decreasing trend (public debt issued for indemnities of nationalizations and expropriations is now extinct), the future does not seem bright to the public exchequer in this fiel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".