Phosphorous losses in surface and subsurface runoff from a snowmelt event on an agricultural field in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphorus concentrations exceed water quality guidelines in most of the major rivers in southeastern Quebec. The problem is particularly important in the Pike River, which drains into the Missiquoi Bay of Lake Champlain. Elevated phosphorus concentrations can lead to a reduction in the palatability of drinking water, a decrease in diversity of aquatic life, and loss of recreational opportunities. These problems have been observed in the Bay. An agricultural field in southeastern Quebec was instrumented to measure and evaluate the partitioning of phosphorus between surface runoff and subsurface drainage, year round. The snowmelt event was the dominant surface and subsurface event for the 2000/2001 water year. The 2000/2001 water year was unusually dry, which resulted in a limited number of surface and subsurface runoff events. The annual depth of surface runoff at one site was 87.5 mm. The estimated depth of subsurface runoff of the snowmelt event was 93.7 mm. Subsurface drainage flow was 51.7% of the total volume of runoff from the field during the snowmelt event. The total phosphorus load in surface runoff for the spring snowmelt was 166.4 g/ha. The estimated total phosphorus load in subsurface drainage for the spring snowmelt was 98.2 g/ha. The estimated subsurface total phosphorus load accounted for 37.1% of the total loads during the snowmelt. Therefore, the subsurface drains proved to be a significant pathway for phosphorus
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".