Reintroduction and management of at-risk freshwater turtles in an urban wetland complex in a protected area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A headstarting program for the Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) was initiated by the \nToronto Zoo in 2012 to supplement a functionally extinct population in the Rouge National \nUrban Park (RNUP) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Data collected from multiple years of radio- \ntracking (2014–2021) and mark-recapture (2018–2021) surveys were used to evaluate the \nsuccess of the headstarting program. Based on demographic data, survival of headstarted turtles \nremained high, except during a mass-mortality event when a substantial decline in survival was \nobserved. Male:female sex ratio measured using incubation temperatures shifted from 1:1.5 in \ncaptivity to 1:1 in the wild, and size-class distribution of the population remained juvenile- \nbiased. Release methods did not improve post-release outcomes in terms of survival, somatic \ngrowth rate, body condition, or movement patterns, and headstarted turtles sustained similar \nhealth to wild juvenile conspecifics in other Ontario populations. Headstarted turtles selected \nhibernacula similar to wild adult conspecifics, and there was weak evidence towards sociality, \nspecifically in terms of familiarity (i.e., individuals from the same release cohort) in \noverwintering site selection. Demographic data from other resident freshwater turtles indicated \nthat multiple sources of ongoing threats and catastrophes can affect population stability. \nHeadstarting also affected community diversity by shifting species richness and evenness. \nOverall, Blanding’s turtle headstarting program showed progress, but continued monitoring will \nbe required to determine if headstarting will achieve its desired conservation goals. Conservation \nactions targeting multiple life-stages of the Blanding’s turtles will be necessary to address root \ncauses of population decline and to ensure that the population will reach a self-sustaining level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".